Circles Documentation
  • Welcome to Circles
  • Overview
    • Understanding Personal and Group Currencies
      • Personal Currencies
      • Group Currencies
    • Why Build on Circles?
    • Circles Architecture
  • Developer Docs
    • The Circles Stack
    • Circles SDK Overview
    • Quickstart Guide for Circles SDK
    • Setting Circles Profiles
    • Building with different Circles Avatars
      • Personal / Human Avatars
        • Inviting and accepting human avatars
        • Mint personal tokens
        • Fetching profile of an human avatar
        • Manage trust connections
        • Get token balances of an avatar
        • Transfer personal Circles tokens to different avatar
      • Group Avatars
        • Create Base Groups for your community.
          • Vanilla groups with V2 hub
        • Mint group tokens
        • Managing group invites
        • Find groups and memberships
        • Getting total supply of group tokens available
      • Organization Avatars
        • Creation of Organizations
        • Managing trust connections via Org avatar account
  • Tutorials and Examples
    • Setting up Circles SDK with React
  • Querying Circles profiles and data
    • Query Circles Data
    • Subscribing to Avatar events
    • Utilising CirclesQuery Class
    • Query Circles profiles
  • Circles SDK Reference
    • Circles SDK interface
    • SDK Methods
    • Circles Data Methods
    • Circles Events Types
  • Developer Support
    • Glossary
    • Past Hackathon Projects on Circles
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  • ERC-1155
  • Externally-Owned Account
  • Gasless Transaction
  • Network
  • Owner
  • Relayer
  • Safe Wallet
  • Smart Account
  • Transaction
  • Threshold
  • Wallet

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Glossary

This glossary contains terms and definitions used throughout the Circles documentation.

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Last updated 6 months ago

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ERC-1155

ERC-1155 is an Ethereum token standard that enables the efficient transfer and bundling of multiple fungible and non-fungible tokens in a single transaction. This multi-token standard allows for the creation of complex token systems, such as those used in gaming or supply chain management, where different types of tokens need to be managed simultaneously.

The standard introduces a new set of functions, including safeTransferFrom, safeBatchTransferFrom, and balanceOfBatch, which allow for the transfer and querying of multiple token balances in a single call. This reduces gas costs and simplifies token management compared to using multiple ERC-20 or ERC-721 contracts.

ERC-1155 tokens are identified by a unique combination of an address and an ID, allowing for the creation of an unlimited number of token types within a single contract. The standard also includes an optional metadata extension, enabling developers to associate additional information, such as images or descriptions, with each token type.

See also:

Externally-Owned Account

An externally-owned account (also known as EOA) is one of the two types of Ethereum accounts. A private key controls it; it has no code, and users can send messages by creating and signing Ethereum transactions.

See also:

  • on ethereum.org

  • on ethereum.org

Gasless Transaction

Gasless transactions (also known as meta-transactions) are Ethereum transactions that are executed by a third party called on behalf of a to abstract the use of gas. Users must sign a message (instead of the transaction itself) with information about the transaction they want to execute. A relayer will create the Ethereum transaction, sign and execute it, and pay for the gas costs. The main benefit is that users can interact with the blockchain without holding the native token in their account.

See also:

  • on docs.safe.global

Network

A blockchain network is a collection of interconnected computers that utilize a blockchain protocol for communication. Decentralized networks allow users to send transactions, that are processed on a distributed ledger with a consensus mechanism ensuring the batching, verification, and acceptance of data into blocks. This structure enables the development of applications without the need for a central authority or server.

See also:

Owner

See also:

Relayer

See also:

Safe Wallet

Safe is a smart contract wallet that requires a minimum number of people to approve a transaction before it can occur (M-of-N). If for example you have 3 main stakeholders in your business, you are able to set up the wallet to require approval from 2 out of 3 (2/3) or all 3 people before the transaction is sent. This assures that no single person could compromise the funds.

See also:

Smart Account

Some common features that smart accounts offer to their users are:

  • Multi-signature scheme

  • Transaction batching

  • Account recovery

Safe is one of the most trusted implementations of a smart account.

Transaction

See also:

Threshold

The threshold of a Safe account is a crucial configuration element that enables using Safe as a multi-signature smart account. It defines the number of required confirmations from the Safe owners a (Safe) transaction must have to be executable.

See also:

Wallet

A wallet is an interface or application that gives users control over their blockchain account. Wallets allow users to sign in to applications, read their account balance, send transactions, and verify their identity.

See also:

on ethereum.org

A Safe owner is one of the accounts that control a given Safe. Only owners can manage the configuration of a Safe and approve transactions. They can be either or . The of a Safe defines how many owners need to approve a Safe transaction to make it executable.

on github.com

A relayer is a third-party service acting as an intermediary between users' accounts and . It executes transactions on behalf of users and covers the associated execution costs, which may or may not be claimed.

on docs.gelato.network

A smart account (also known as a smart contract account) leverages the programmability of smart contracts to extend its functionality and improve its security in comparison with . Smart accounts are controlled by one or multiple externally-owned accounts or other smart accounts, and all transactions have to be initiated by one of those.

A transaction is an action initiated by an to update the state of the EVM network. Transaction objects must be signed using the sender's private key, require a fee, and be included in a validated block.

A Safe transaction is a transaction sent to a Safe Proxy contract calling the method.

on ethereum.org

and of a Safe with the Safe{Core} SDK on docs.safe.global

on ethereum.org

ERC-1155 Multi Token Standard on Ethereum.org
Ethereum Accounts
Ethereum Whitepaper
relayer
smart account
Relay Kit documentation
Networks
externally-owned accounts
smart accounts
threshold
OwnerManager.sol
blockchain networks
What's Relaying?
What is Safe?
externally-owned accounts
Gasless transactions
externally-owned account
execTransaction
Transactions
Get the threshold
change the threshold
Ethereum Wallets